The Czech Republic is facing a significant outbreak of hepatitis A, with six deaths and 450 confirmed cases reported in the first four months of 2025—already surpassing the fatality count from all of last year.
Health officials warn the real number of infections is likely much higher due to the difficulty of tracking the virus, which causes liver inflammation and can be fatal in some cases.
“We know from experience that even one confirmed case can subsequently mean a big problem,” the State Health Institute (SZÚ) said in a statement.
Hepatitis A typically spreads through contact with infected stool, often via poor hygiene, unwashed hands, contaminated food or water, or dirty surfaces like door handles. Conditions with inadequate sanitation are particularly susceptible to outbreaks.
Although many infected individuals show no symptoms, around 10% can develop severe complications, including liver failure. Older adults and those with pre-existing liver conditions face greater risk. Other symptoms can include fever, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and jaundice. The virus can incubate for up to four weeks, and infected individuals may unknowingly spread it before showing symptoms.
The regions most affected are Prague, Central Bohemia, and the Moravia-Silesian area bordering Poland and Slovakia. Health authorities report that the virus is spreading among children, teenagers, young adults, and people involved in “risky behaviour.” In Prague, nearly one-third of cases involve individuals who are homeless or use drugs.
Officials note that the number of people vulnerable to hepatitis A is “gradually increasing” due to a lack of prior exposure or vaccination. The vaccine, which costs around 1,700 CZK (€68), is not mandatory but may be covered by some insurance plans. It is administered in two doses over six to 18 months.
To contain the outbreak, the vaccine is being offered for free in shelters and to people working closely with drug users and the homeless. However, officials acknowledge the difficulty of enforcing hygiene measures and conducting contact tracing among these groups.
Last year, authorities tracked 6,375 contacts of infected individuals. Those identified as unvaccinated close contacts are barred from entering swimming pools, saunas, summer camps, and large public events.
